Why is it More Difficult to Treat Gram Negative Bacteria
Different types of bacteria can be classified into three groups depending upon the thickness of their cell wall.
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Acid fast
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can be differentiated easily by gram staining echnique.
Treatment
It is difficult to treat gram-negative bacteria in comparison to gram-positive bacteria due to following reasons.
1. There is a membrane present around the cell wall of gram-negative
bacteria which increases the risk of toxicity to the host but this
membrane is absent in gram-positive bacteria.
2. Porin channels are
present in gram-negative bacteria which can prevent the entry of harmful
chemicals and antibiotics like penicillin. These channels can also
expel out antibiotics making much more difficult to treat in comparison
to gram-positive bacteria.
3. The risk of resistance against
antibiotics is more in Gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of
external covering around the cell wall.
4. Gram-negative bacteria possess both exotoxins and endotoxins but in case of gram-positive bacteria there are only exotoxins.
Some examples of gram-negative bacteria include
E.Coli, which causes urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa which causes hospital acquired pneumonia and infections of blood stream
Nesseria gonorrhoeae causes sexually transmitted disease named as gonorrhoeae
Klebsiella pneumonia, is notorious to cause UTIs, blood stream infections and pneumonia.
Some examples of gram-positive bacteria are mentioned below;
Staphylococcus Albus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus subtilis
Lactobacillus bacillus anthracis
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Actinomyces odontolyticus .
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